Elma Eagles  

 

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Grammar Summary

Spanish-1 Unidad 6 Etapa 2

Pointing Out Specific Things Using Demonstratives

A demonstrative adjective or demonstrative pronoun are used to point out specific things.  A demonstrative adjective describes the location of a noun in relation to a person you are talking to.  A demonstrative pronoun refers to the same noun, but without mentioning it.

Masculine Demonstrative Adjectives Feminine Demonstrative Adjectives
Singular Plural Singular Plural
este cerdo

this pig

 estos cerdos

these pigs

 esta mesa

this table

 estas mesas

these tables
ese cerdo

that pig

 esos cerdos

those pigs

 esa mesa

that table

 esas mesas

those tables
aquel cerdo

that pig over there

 aquellos cerdos

those pigs over there

 aquella mesa

that table over there

 aquellas mesas

those tables over there

Notice that the only difference between the demonstrative adjective and the demonstrative pronoun is that the pronoun has an accent.

Masculine Demonstrative Pronouns Feminine Demonstrative Pronouns
Singular Plural Singular Plural
éste

this (one)

 éstos

these

ésta

this (one)

 éstas

these

ése

that(one)

 ésos

those

ésa

that (one)

 ésas

those

aquél

that (one) over there

 aquéllos

those  over there

 aquélla

that (one) over there

 aquéllas

those  over there

Ordinal Numbers

When you talk about the order of items, use ordinal numbers.  When used with nouns, they must agree in number and gender, just like an adjective.  But unlike most adjectives, ordinals are placed before nouns.  Primero and tercero drop the o before a masculine singular noun.

El primer año     La última vez     El tercer piso    La quinta chica

Irregular Preterite Verbs

dar - to give decir - to say, to tell venir - to come
di dimos dije dijimos vine vinimos
diste disteis dijiste dijisteis viniste vinisteis
dio dieron dijo dijeron vino vinieron

 

tener - to have estar - to be
tuve tuvimos estuve estuvimos
tuviste tuvisteis estuviste estuvisteis
tuvo tuvieron estuvo estuvieron

NOTE:  Do not use the preterite of estar to talk about feelings in the past.   You will use the Imperfect Tense for that.