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Grammar Summary

Spanish-2 Unidad 5 Etapa 1

The Future Tense

You already know two ways to talk about future events.  One was is by saying you are "going to do something," using ir + a + infinitive.  The other way, referring to events in the near future, is to use the present tense, usually with an expression of time, like "Mañana voy a la escuela."

The third way is to use the future tense.   This is the equivalent of "will" or "shall" in English.   To form the future tense of regular verbs, you use the infinitive plus the endings below:

Yo estudiaré Nosotros estudiaremos
Tú estudiarás Vosotros estudiaréis
él, ella, usted estudiará ellos, ustedes estudiarán

The endings for the future tense are the same for -AR, -ER and -IR verbs.

Expressions with "por"

The preposition "por" has many different meanings:

Express cause of or reason for an action Por eso ella me dio el dinero
Express means of transportation or communication Viajaremos a Madrid por tren y te llamaré por teléfono cuando llegamos
Express periods of time Estuve in Costa Rica por el mes de mayo

Viajaremos a Madrid el viernes por la tarde
Express places to move through Nuestro tren pasará por Sevilla

 

Nosotros Commands

You already know how to form the subjunctive form.  The nosotros command forms take the same endings as the nosotros subjunctive.  A nosotros command has the meaning of "Let's...."

Remember that some vebs require spelling changes to keep pronunciation consistent:   Paguemos la cuenta. Saquemos la basura.

If the verb is used reflexively, the "let's do it" command ends in the reflexive pronoun nos.  Remember to use an accent when you add the -nos to the verb so that the stress remains the same.  Also note that the "s" of the verb ending is dropped:  Estamos muy cansados.  Sentémonos a descansar.

You also know another way to make an affirmative nosotros command.  Simply use Vamos a + infinitive.  Vamos a bailar - Let's dance.  But to say Let's not do something, use the subjunctive form construction:  No bailemos - Let's not dance.