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Grammar Summary

Spanish-2 Unidad 6 Etapa 2

The Present Perfect

The present perfect is used to talk about things someone "has done."  it is formed with the present tense of the auxiliary, or "helping" verb haber plus the past participle.

Present Perfect = Present Tense of haber + past participle
yo he hablado nosotros hemos hablado
tú has hablado vosotros habéis hablado
él, ella, usted ha hablado ellos, ustedes han hablado

In the Present Perfect, the past participle is not an adjective, and so does not change to reflect gender or number.  Only haber changes to agree with the subject.  When you use object pronouns or reflexive pronouns with the Present Perfect, you put the pronoun before the conjugated form of haber.  Ella me ha hablado mucho.

The Present Perfect With Irregular Verbs

_ER and -IR verbs whose stem ends in a vowel require a written accent in the past participle:

caer caído
leer leído
oír oído

Remember that some verbs have irregular past participles.  Go to the chart at Spanish-2 Unidad 6 Etapa 1 to review them.  Use you browser's back arrow to return to this page.