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AP Spanish
Grammar Summary
Spanish-3 Unidad 2 Etapa 2
The Present Subjunctive (Review)
Regular Verbs:
| |
-AR Verbs |
-ER Verbs |
-IR Verbs |
| yo |
hable |
coma |
escriba |
| tú |
hables |
comas |
escribas |
| él, ella, usted |
hable |
coma |
escriba |
| nosotros(as) |
hablemos |
comamos |
escribamos |
| vosotros(as) |
habléis |
comáis |
escribáis |
| ellos, ustedes |
hablen |
coman |
escriban |
Irregular Verbs:
| dar |
estar |
ir |
saber |
ser |
| dé |
esté |
vaya |
sepa |
sea |
| des |
estés |
vayas |
sepas |
seas |
| dé |
esté |
vaya |
sepa |
sea |
| demos |
estemos |
vayamos |
sepamos |
seamos |
| deis |
estéis |
vayáis |
sepáis |
seáis |
| den |
estén |
vayan |
sepan |
sean |
The subjunctive of haber is haya.
Verbs with yo forms that end in -go or zco in the present indicative use the same
irregular stem in the subjunctive. Verbs like this are:
| Infinitive |
yo form present indicative |
subjunctive |
| decir |
digo |
diga, digas, .... |
| conocer |
conozco |
conozca, conozcas,... |
| caer |
caigo |
caiga, caigas,... |
| hacer |
hago |
haga, hagas,... |
| oír |
oigo |
oiga, oigas,... |
| poner |
pongo |
ponga, pongas,... |
| salir |
salgo |
salga, salgas,... |
| venir |
vengo |
venga, vengas,... |
| tener |
tengo |
tenga, tengas,... |
| traer |
traigo |
traiga, traigas,... |
| ofrecer |
ofrezco |
ofrezca, ofrezcas,... |
Stem-Changing
When you use the present subjunctive of -AR and -ER stem-changing verbs remember to
make the same stem-changes as in the present indicative (no change for nosotros and vosotros). But -IR
verbs change their stems differently in the subjunctive (nosotros
and vosotros do have a stem change).
| -AR Verbs |
-ER Verbs |
-IR Verbs (e-->ie and i) |
-IR Verbs (o-->ue and u) |
| cerrar (e-->ie) |
volver (o-->ue) |
mentir (e-->ie&i) |
dormir (o-->ue & u) |
| cierre |
vuelva |
mienta |
duerma |
| cierres |
vuelvas |
mientas |
duermas |
| cierre |
vuelva |
mienta |
duerma |
| cerremos |
volvamos |
mintamos |
durmamos |
| cerréis |
volváis |
mintáis |
durmáis |
| cierren |
vuelvan |
mientan |
duerman |
Pedir also has a stem change. It
changes from e to i in all the forms: pida,
pidas, pida, pidamos, pidáis, pidan
The Present Perfect Subjunctive
You have already learned how to form the Present Perfect: Present
Tense of haber (he, has, ha, hemos, heis, han) + the Past
Participle of the verb
The subjunctive also has a present perfect tense. To form it you
use:
Present Subjunctive of haber
(haya, hayas, haya, hayamos,
hayáis, hayan) + the Past Participle of the verb
The Present Perfect Subjunctive is used in all the same
situations of doubt as the present subjunctive, except that it describes an action that
took place in the past from the perspective of the present:
| Present Subjunctive |
Present Perfect Subjunctive |
| Describes an action that may take place now or in the future,
speaking from the perspective of the present |
Describes an action that may have taken place (in the past),
speaking from the perspective of the present |
| Es buenos que hagas la tarea |
Es bueno que hayas hecho la tarea |
| It's good that you are doing/will do your homework |
It's good that you have done your homework |
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