Elma Eagles  

 

Click Here to Go Back to AP Spanish

Grammar Summary

Spanish-3 Unidad 4 Etapa 3

Subject and Stressed Object Pronouns

Most of the time you do not use subject pronouns in Spanish, because the verb ending shows who the subject is.  When you do include them it is because you wish to add emphasis, clarify, or make a contrast.

To Show Emphasis To Make a Comparison or Clarify
Yo le di las estadísticas, no Roberto. Él salió.  Ella quedó en casa.
I gave him the statistics, not Robert. He went out.  She stayed at home.

You use the prepositional a + subject prounouns to clarify who the object of a sentence is, except in the case of yo and tú.  Here special object pronouns are used (mí, ti).

El profesor les dio el reportaje a ellos. No me lo dio a mí.
The teacher gave the report to them. He didn't give it to me.

 

Subject a + Subject Pronoun
yo a mí
tú a ti
usted a usted
él a él
ella a ella
nosotros a nosotros
vosotros a vosotros
ustedes a ustedes
ellos a ellos
ellas a ellas

Possessive Pronouns (Review)

You use possessive adjectives and pronouns to express possession.   Possessive adjectives are used with a noun.  Possessive pronouns replace the noun.

Mi carro es rojo (adjective)  Ese carro rojo es mío.(pronoun)   --- Pues, el mío es amarillo.(pronoun)

Possessive Adjectives Possessive Pronouns
mi mío (mía)
tu tuyo (tuya)
su suyo (suya)
nuestro (nuestra) nuestro (nuestra)
vuestro (vuestra) vuestro (vuestra)
su suyo (suya)

The Future Perfect Tense

You use the future perfect tense to express what will have happened by a certain time.  To form this tense, you use:

future of haber  +  past participle of the verb

habré terminado habremos terminado
habrás terminado habréis terminado
habrá terminado habrán terminado

The future perfect tense is often used with dentro de + time.  Dentro de tres meses, me habré graduado.  In three months, I will have graduated.

You also use the future perfect tense to speculate about something that may have happened in the past.

Todavía no ha llegado mi primo.  Se habrá perdido.   My cousin still hasn't arrived.  He probably got lost.