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AP Spanish
Grammar Summary
Spanish-3 Unidad 6 Etapa 2
Conjunctions (Review)
Always use the subjunctive
after these conjunctions |
Use either subjunctive or indicative after these conjunctions. Use indicative if the outcome is certain or you are expressing a
fact.
Use subjunctive if the outcome is uncertain or you
are expressing a possibility and after a command. |
| a menos que |
cuando |
| antes (de) que |
en cuanto |
| con tal (de) que |
hasta que |
| en caso (de) que |
tan pronto como |
| para que |
aunque |
| sin que |
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Prepositions and Adverbs of Location
These are used to indicate one object's location in relation to
another's. Use de only when the phrase is followed by a specific location.
| al lado |
to the side |
al lado de la casa |
beside the house |
| atrás |
in back, behind |
detrás de la casa |
behind the house |
| enfrente |
in the front |
enfrente de la casa |
in front of the house |
| abajo |
below, underneath |
debajo de la casa |
underneath the house |
| delante |
in front |
delante de la casa |
in front of the house |
| dentro |
inside |
dentro de la casa |
inside the house |
| encima |
on top |
encima de la casa |
on top of the house |
| frente |
facing, opposite |
frente a la casa |
across from the house |
| fuera |
out, outside |
fuera de la casa |
outside the house |
| afuera |
out, outside |
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| junto |
together, adjacent |
junto a la casa |
next to the house |
Pero versus Sino
You know that the word pero is usually the equivalent of the English conjunction but. However,
there is another word in Spanish, sino, that also means but. It is used in situations where the idea being
conveyed is not this, but rather that. It may also be used with not
only...but also...
| No vamos a comer carne, sino pescado |
We're not going to eat meat, but (rather) fish. |
| Comimos no sólo carne sino también pescado |
We ate not only meat, but also fish |
When there is a conjugated verb in the second part of the sentence you use sino que instead of sino.
| No sólo compró el pescado sino que
también lo cocinó |
He not only bought the fish, but he also cooked it |
| No asó el pescado a la parilla sino que lo
ahumó |
He didn't cook the fish on the grill, but (instead) smoked it |
Se for Unplanned
Occurrences
You can use a special construction with se to indicate that an
action was unplanned or unexpected. Se me
rompieron los anteojos. I (accidentally) broke
my eyeglasses. Notice that the verb is always in the third person. An indirect
object pronoun may be used to say to whom the action occurred. To emphasize this
relationship, you can also add a phrase consisting of a
+ the person (noun or pronoun).
Here are some verbs which can describe unplanned events
| acabársele (a uno) to
run out of |
Se nos acaba de leche We're
running out of milk |
| caérsele (a uno) to
drop |
Se me cayeron las llaves I
dropped my keys |
| descomponérsele (a uno) to
break down, malfunction |
Se me descompuso el carro My
car broke down on me |
| ocurrírsele (a uno) to
dawn on, to occur to |
A ella se le ocurrió una idea An
idea ocurred to her |
| olvidársele (a uno) to
forget |
Se me olvidé cerrar las
ventanas I forgot to close the windows |
| perdérsele (a uno) to
lose something |
A Paco se le perdió la tarea Paco
lost his homework |
| quedársele (a uno) to
leave something behind |
Se me quedó el sueter I
left my sweater behind |
| rompérsele ( a uno) to
break something |
¡Ten cuidado! Vas a
rompérsete el cuello Be careful! You're going to break your neck! |
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